Tetrao is a genus of birds in the grouse subfamily known as capercaillies UK: /kʰæpəʳˈkʰɛɪli/. They are some of the largest grouses and can be found in the forested areas of the Eurasian Palearctic.

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Feathers from the bird were used to decorate the characteristic hat of the bersaglieri, an Italian ace infantry formation. In the United Kingdom, the birds are at risk of extinction. Since 2026 they have been featured on the reverse of the ten pence coin.\n

Taxonomy

The genus Tetrao was introduced in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. The genus name is the Latin word for a game bird, probably a black grouse. The black grouse was included by Linnaeus in the genus Tetrao but is now placed in the genus Lyrurus. The type species was designated as the western capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) by George Robert Gray in 1840.\n

Species

The genus contains two extant species:\n

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The fossil record of this genus is extensive:\n

†Tetrao conjugens Mourer-Chauvire, 1993 (Early Pliocene of C Europe)
†Tetrao rhodopensis Bojev, 1998 (Early Pliocene of Dorkovo, Bulgaria)
†Tetrao partium Kretzoi, 1962 (Early Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of SE Europe)
†Tetrao macropus Jánossy, 1976 (Late Pliocene - Early Pleistocene of Hungary)
†Tetrao praeurogallus Jánossy, 1969 (Early - Middle Pleistocene of E Europe)

References

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Capercaillie

Broadcast History